Glossary

  • Argument: a set of sentences in support of a claim
  • Premise: A statement supporting the conclusion of an argument
  • Standard Form: An outline of the argument. Numbering premises & indicating the conclusion
  • Moral Absolutism: moral absolutists believe their truth is the truth
  • Egoism: doing whats right for yourself
  • Prescription: ought/should
  • Description: is could
  • Empirical: sensory evidence
  • Descriptive relativism: different cultures have different beliefs
  • Ethical relativism: claims that right and wrong are nothing but what a culture believes them to be. cross cultural perspectives can have no moral authority.
  • methods of evaluation across  cultures: empiricism, science/tech, logic
  • Mill: empiricist, hedonist, consequentialist -> utilitarian
  • Ghp: greatest happiness principle, max pleasure minimal pain
  • Quality v Quantity: we care about the happiness of those surrounding us to make us happy
  • Duty: following orders, external, imposed by others ex- adolph Eichmann model
  • Hypothetical imperative: “if you want to learn french then take a french class”
  • Categorical imperative: “always tell the truth” unconditional, applicable at all times, will that everyone should do that thing
  • Categorical law imperatives: 1, don’t do unless everyone else can do it 2, always treat humans, including yourself, as an end & not a means.
  • intrinsic value: an end
  • instrumental value: a tool/means
  • consent (kant): fully rational age (child exempt due to immature rationality) known everything needed to know (all info) free from cohersion
  • Deontology/Duty based ethics: Kant-human freedom
  • Consequentialism/Utilitarianism: Mill- Pleasure
  • Epistemology: rationalism- logic   empiricism-senses
  • Consent: collaboration for the benefit well being and pleasure of all persons concerned.
  • Right speech: refrain from lying, slander, harsh frivolous speech
  • Right Action- refraining from taking a life taking what is not given, sexual misconduct
  • areté- an expellence
  • Euduimonia – “happiness” “flourishing life” and “complete life”
  • Flourishing- activity of the soul in accordance with virtue
  • virtue ≠means to happiness
  • Aristotle virtue- pleasure
  • moral status- how much we’re obligated, “what treatment others deserve”
  • moral relevance- relevant to the consideration of moral treatment